27 Nov 2015

Gempa Peru-Brasil



Perbatasan Peru dan Brasil Diguncang Gempa 7,6 SR

By

Liputan6.com, Lima - Bumi di perbatasan Peru dengan Brasil terguncang kuat. Menurut laporan United States Geological Survey (USGS) atau Badan Survei Geologi AS, kekuatan gempanya 7,6 skala Richter (SR).
Dari Peru Geophysic Institute, gempa tercatat berkekuatan 7,3 SR, diikuti lindu susulan sekuat 7,2 SR.
Lima menit kemudian, lindu susulan terjadi. Gempa pertama tercatat sekitar pukul 17.45. Sejauh ini belum ada laporan korban jiwa maupun cedera.
Menurut El Comercio yang dikutip dari Peru This Week, Rabu (25/11/2015), gempa yang pertama dirasakan beberapa kota. Termasuk Lima, Arequipa, Tacna, Pucallpa, Chiclayo, Cusco, Oxapampa, Moyobamba, Yurimaguas, Bagua dan kota-kota di Bolivia, Argentina dan Chile.
USGS menginformasikan bahwa kedua gempa berpusat pada kedalaman sekitar 600 km. Namun episentrum kedua lindu terpisah jarak 50 km.
Pihak berwenang Ucayali mengatakan kepada El Comercio bahwa gempa bumi tersebut sempat membuat para penduduk ketakutan, tapi belum ada laporan kerusakan.
"Gempa susulan melanda kawasan Amazon. Tidak ada kerusakan dilaporkan," kata Kepala Layanan Darurat Peru, Alfredo Murgueytio seperti dilansir dari AOL.
Seorang wakil dari perusahaan tambang Southern Copper, salah satu produsen tembaga terbesar Peru terletak di Southern Peru mengatakan, juga tak ada kerusakan di area pertambangan tersebut.
Peru adalah produsen nomor 3 tembaga dunia.
Beberapa warga di kota Brasil, Brasileia, sekitar 153,5 mil (247 km) barat dari pusat gempa, mengungkapkan kepada Reuters bahwa mereka merasa tanah bergetar dan kursi serta meja terguncang selama gempa.
Namun, sejauh ini belum ada laporan korban jiwa dan keruakan. (Tnt)*

Sumber : LIPUTAN 6 COM


Visitor geology: Earthquake Peru-Brazil

The border of Peru and Brazil Rocked Earthquake 7.6 SR

on 25 Nov 2015 at 11:45 WIB

Lokasi gempa di perbatasan Peru dan Brasil. ( El Comercio)
Location of the earthquake on the border of Peru and Brazil. (El Comercio)
Liputan6.com, Lima - Earth on the border of Peru with Brazil shaken strongly. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) or the US Geological Survey, the strength of the quake his 7.6 on the Richter scale (SR).
From Peru Geophysic Institute, the quake registered magnitude 7.3 SR, followed by aftershocks as strong as the 7.2 magnitude earthquake.
Five Minutes later, earthquake aftershocks occurred. The first quake was recorded around 17:45. So far there has been no report of casualties or injuries.
According to El Comercio quoted from Peru This Week, Wednesday (25/11/2015), the first quake felt some cities. Including Lima, Arequipa, Tacna, Pucallpa, Chiclayo, Cusco, Oxapampa, Moyobamba, Yurimaguas, Bagua and cities in Bolivia, Argentina and Chile,
the USGS informs that the second quake was centered at a depth of about 600 km. But the epicenter of the earthquake apart a distance of 50 km.
Authorities Ucayali told El Comercio that the earthquake had made ​​the residents of fear, but there are no reports of damage.
"The aftershocks struck the Amazon region. No damage was reported," said Chief of Emergency Services Peru Alfredo Murgueytio as reported by AOL. A representative of the mining company Southern Copper, one of the largest copper producer Peru is located in Southern Peru said, also there was no damage in the area of the mine. Peru is a manufacturer number 3 the world's copper. Some residents in the Brazilian city , Brasileia, about 153.5 miles (247 km) west of the epicenter, told Reuters that they felt the ground shake and chairs and desks shook during the quake. However, so far there has been no report of casualties and keruakan. (Tnt) * Source: SPOT 6 COM
 

25 Nov 2015

Gunung Berapi Terbesar

Ilmuwan Berhasil Membuat Peta 3-D Gunung Berapi Terbesar di Dunia

Setelah 36 hari berjuang melawan hiu yang terus-terusan menggigiti peralatan mereka, para ilmuwan berhasil membuat peta 3-D Gunung Tamu (Tamu Massif).

Ilmuwan Berhasil Membuat Peta 3-D Gunung Berapi Terbesar di Dunia 
Peta 3-D ini mengungkap fitu-fitur Gunung Tamu yang selama ini masih menjadi misteri. (Schmidt Ocean Institute)
Setelah 36 hari berjuang melawan hiu yang terus-terusan menggigiti peralatan mereka, para ilmuwan telah kembali dari Samudera Pasifik yang terpencil dengan cara baru untuk melihat gunung berapi terbesar dan paling misterius di dunia: Gunung Tamu.
Gunung Tamu (Tamu Massif) merupakan gunung berapi yang terletak di kawasan barat laut Samudera Pasifik, sekitar 1,600 km sebelah timur Jepang.
Tinggi Gunung Tamu yaitu 4.400 meter dari dasar samudera. Puncaknya tidak menembus permukaan samudera dan berada sekitar 2,000 m di bawah permukaan laut. Sedangkan lembahnya berkedalaman 6.4 km.
Tim ini telah mulai membuat peta 3-D yang menawarkan tampilan paling jelas dari gunung bawah laut itu, yang meliputi area seukuran New Mexico. Dalam beberapa bulan mendatang, peta akan disempurnakan dan data akan dianalisis. Tujuannya, untuk mencari tahu bagaimana asal mula gunung terbentuk.
“Ada kemungkinan bahwa tepi barat Gunung Tamu sebenarnya gunung terpisah yang terbentuk pada waktu yang berbeda,” kata William Sager, seorang ahli geologi di University of Houston sekaligus memimpin ekspedisi.
“Hal itu akan menjelaskan beberapa perbedaan antara bagian barat gunung dan bagian utama.
Tim juga menemukan bahwa Gunung Tamu sangat bopeng dengan kawah dan tebingnya.
Analisis magnetik memberikan beberapa pandangan terhadap genesis gunung, menunjukkan bahwa bagian itu terbentuk melalui pelepasan stabil dari lava sepanjang persimpangan tiga pegunungan di tengah laut. Sebuah teori yang ada saat ini menyatakan bahwa segumpal besar bebatuan panas dari mantel bumi mungkin telah berkontribusi atas panas dan bahan tambahan.
Gunung Tamu membentuk sebuah kubah bulat, atau perisai gunung berapi, berukuran 450-650 kilometer. Gunung ini 50 kali lebih besar dari gunung berapi aktif terbesar di Bumi, Mauna Loa di Hawaii .

Sumber : National Geographic Indonesi



25 Nov 2015

Geology Vistor: Largest Volcano

Scientists Successfully Creating 3-D Map of the World's Largest Volcano

After 36 days battling sharks that constantly biting their equipment, the scientists managed to create 3-D maps of Mount Guest (Guest Massif).

Ilmuwan Berhasil Membuat Peta 3-D Gunung Berapi Terbesar di Dunia

3-D map reveals fitu features guest Mount, which is still a mystery. (Schmidt Ocean Institute)
After 36 days battling sharks that constantly biting their equipment, scientists have returned from the Pacific Ocean off the beaten track with a new way to see the volcano's largest and most mysterious in the world: Mount Guest.
Mount Guest (Guest Massif) is a volcano located in the northwest area of the Pacific Ocean, about 1,600 km east of Japan.
High Mount Guest is 4,400 meters from the ocean floor. Peak does not penetrate the surface of the ocean and is located approximately 2,000 m below sea level. While the valleys depth of 6.4 km.
The team has started to make 3-D maps that offer the clearest view of the seamount, which covers an area the size of New Mexico. In the coming months, the maps will be refined and the data will be analyzed. The goal is to find out how the origin of the mountain is formed.
"There is a possibility that the western edge of Mount Guest actually mount separately formed at different times," says William Sager, a geologist at the University of Houston as well as leading the expedition.
"That would explain some differences between the western part of the mountain and the main part.
The team also found that Mount Guest extremely pockmarked with craters and cliffs.
Analysis of magnetic provide some insight on the genesis of the mountain, indicating that part of it is formed through the release of the stable of lava along the junction of three mountains in the middle of the sea. A current theory states that a large plume of hot rock from the Earth's mantle may have contributed over the heat and additives.
Mount Guest forming a spherical dome, or a shield volcano, measuring 450-650 kilometers. The volcano is 50 times larger than the largest active volcano on Earth, Mauna Loa in  Hawaii. Source: National Geographic Indonesia
 

24 Nov 2015

Pohonku Tumbang

24 Nov 2015

Environmental Geology: my trees

My tree, your history beetle NOW
By M. Anwar Siregar

There have been many ways to keep the system of ecological earth is maintained, one of which was a campaign go green earth, or campaigns let planting a billion, which falls on the date November 21 role is to foster a sapling for the future of the earth a better and a variety of green programs which sometimes causes a tragic irony.
Program development environment that is currently implemented, must be oriented to the preservation efforts of forest parks and gardens in the urban environment and urban village to be able to support the development, through the planting of trees every year. The results are significant enough to reduce environmental pollution and global warming.
However for maintenance, inversely. With so many trees were destroyed, trees were left to languish until it becomes "talking" with casualties and property for the man himself. The proof, look at the news in the newspapers in your town or maybe you've experienced as natural writer almost make dislodged heart when passing along the longest street in Medan, the Singamangaraja heading to Tanjung Morawa when Medan flush heavy rain and strong winds spread death , Trees without strong roots almost hit a passing vehicle.
LIKE A HUMAN BODY
Trees should serve as protectors of the heat carrier was now a "death", many trees have now been experiencing a catastrophic collapse because of "old age". However, trees like humans could "collapse" because of the physical strength weakened because eating old age. The trees that exist in several big cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Medan, Makassar, Semarang, Bandung and Bekasi had requested tribute victim, either in the form of assets in the form of the destruction of a car when passing or parking, the house suffered korlesting electricity and burning and soul because the victims suffered "unfortunate fate" when passing by vehicles or crushed by a fallen tree due to heavy rain and strong winds. First casualties tumbles into the limelight recently for treatment, and that is what happened and into the tragic story of the disaster on the ground as in the big cities in Indonesia.
Trees can be uprooted because of many factors, if likened to the tree like a human body, which undergoes physical degradation due to thirst, because of the lack of water, lack of oxygen because of sumpet. Trees such as our body, if you have a blockage of roots by "architectural ceramics" made in human then the tree also felt the absence of supply "vitamin" for the roots to store water as "power living air", the root of the tree is sometimes able to divide and form undukan surface asphalt road as the author saw along the city streets in Kampung Baru, continue to Padang Bulan up through the USU campus, will be visible roots and sometimes the road it has formed a puddle small that may endanger driving traffic, do not underestimate the small hole is, sometimes small can be deadly to humans. And must have attracted the attention of the relevant agencies.
Biopori clogged
Ketersumbatan roots under the asphalt or semenisasi segments of the road corridor into a city park without biopori system can accelerate the decay and fragility torso trees wither and brittle, broken and uprooted. May lead to a process of hydrogeological water into the lubricant material ground into a motion a-seismic for the model of ground motion small avalanches to weaken the foundations of unity among the roots, the occurrence of discharge around the body of the tree and when the heavy rains come in the space voids (empty) in the body under the tree becomes "soft" and the water was easily "pass", accelerate the pace of the water surface which causes flooding and tree roots can not absorb more water into his body, under pressure frontal underground and on the surface by the wind, the tree was waiting for the time to be uprooted ,
To know the symptoms of fallen trees, people can pay attention to the physical condition of trees planted in the road corridor, among others: the occurrence of pembengkahan asphalt becomes split, the walls of the park road corridors undergone many cracking apart was the quality of making already bad, because the trees are not planted deep, many found the binding ropes and wire tight and nails "ad" of traders and impaled "Banner Sell Promise candidates" when the campaign season election arrives, many builders outboard tire burning under a tree, can speed up the fallen trees due to tight and stuffy "lifeblood" of trees due disruption of human hands, no special biopori to channel water to the roots of trees, many trees are elderly since the Dutch era and not maintained regularly, has never been thoroughly regenerated.
The main cause of all the conditions of fallen trees is less maintenance, the omission of the "pain" trees body on certain days. The funny thing is at once ironic for a tree, the tree was also there to celebrate certain feast days for them as an afterthought to humans, even often pierced by sharp objects advertisement campaign green day, what do not know or pretend not to know that such actions damage the body and the beauty of the tree? In many cases seen in the streets of all the cities in Indonesia.
My tree
In the days of the Dutch first, a history of planting trees adapted to the physical condition of the soil so that the trees planted can grow and develop healthy and strong their root and form soil and topography are also adjusted in order to absorb water more quickly and maintain the balance of the structure of a layer of soil with the roots of plant species of trees planted, not the origin of indiscriminate types of trees to be planted.
For areas that summer heat can be planted species of trees that shade but not large, tree roots do not quickly swell surface of the soil, absorbing the heat, as well as planting trees in the area around the swamps and river banks and road corridors, anticipation main is how to keep the roots of the tree They are supplied with oxygen (air) if there semenisasi at some point later on, should be given a special space in the form of holes are like biopori.
All humans know that the tree is one of the investment for a human to the preservation of water, the life of the food chain, to prevent global warming and the need for action to grasp the body of the tree so that no action anarchists as mentioned above, in a nail, tied tight with iron wire, in burn slowly outboard tire cooking, put the slogan banners and not free from the concrete rebate models so that the oxygen supply of trees clogged and would harm the tree and the man himself.
Therefore, we need to first understand a few facts about the life of trees for life on Earth, among others: First, the contribution of raw materials, a tree generates employment and contributes to building materials, newspapers, books and more than 15,000 other woods forest products. Trees are also renewable, biologically degradable and recyclable. Wood can be processed further to become refined products such as vitamins, plastics, photographic film, toothpaste and medicines. So we have to keep regeneration does not interfere with its growth.
Second, investment properties house, if you plant three or more trees in the right places around the houses can save air conditioning costs up to 50 percent. Trees increase property values ​​house surrounded by trees can be sold 18-25 percent higher than a home without a tree. If your house there is a front yard or rear side with a width of 2 x 3 meters or more use to plant trees and make sure not to allow outsiders to attach something tree body.
Third, the oxygen for the earth, following the green program or campaign activities of environmental protection, for example by planting 20 million trees in one province will be available 260 million tons of oxygen supply to the earth and living creatures on it especially important for the man himself. As many trees as it will eliminate 10 million tons of CO 2. And in the lifetimes of a large tree can absorb one ton of carbon dioxide. Fourth, root function, as an adult, more trees will grow downward, not upward. Roots who will increasingly spread to seek spaces absorb oxygen and water. So, as that was the case why some fallen trees in several cities in Indonesia.
M. Anwar Siregar
Environmental Geologist, Observer Spatial Issues Environmental and Energy Geosphere


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