24 Nov 2015

Pohonku Tumbang

24 Nov 2015

Environmental Geology: my trees

My tree, your history beetle NOW
By M. Anwar Siregar

There have been many ways to keep the system of ecological earth is maintained, one of which was a campaign go green earth, or campaigns let planting a billion, which falls on the date November 21 role is to foster a sapling for the future of the earth a better and a variety of green programs which sometimes causes a tragic irony.
Program development environment that is currently implemented, must be oriented to the preservation efforts of forest parks and gardens in the urban environment and urban village to be able to support the development, through the planting of trees every year. The results are significant enough to reduce environmental pollution and global warming.
However for maintenance, inversely. With so many trees were destroyed, trees were left to languish until it becomes "talking" with casualties and property for the man himself. The proof, look at the news in the newspapers in your town or maybe you've experienced as natural writer almost make dislodged heart when passing along the longest street in Medan, the Singamangaraja heading to Tanjung Morawa when Medan flush heavy rain and strong winds spread death , Trees without strong roots almost hit a passing vehicle.
LIKE A HUMAN BODY
Trees should serve as protectors of the heat carrier was now a "death", many trees have now been experiencing a catastrophic collapse because of "old age". However, trees like humans could "collapse" because of the physical strength weakened because eating old age. The trees that exist in several big cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Medan, Makassar, Semarang, Bandung and Bekasi had requested tribute victim, either in the form of assets in the form of the destruction of a car when passing or parking, the house suffered korlesting electricity and burning and soul because the victims suffered "unfortunate fate" when passing by vehicles or crushed by a fallen tree due to heavy rain and strong winds. First casualties tumbles into the limelight recently for treatment, and that is what happened and into the tragic story of the disaster on the ground as in the big cities in Indonesia.
Trees can be uprooted because of many factors, if likened to the tree like a human body, which undergoes physical degradation due to thirst, because of the lack of water, lack of oxygen because of sumpet. Trees such as our body, if you have a blockage of roots by "architectural ceramics" made in human then the tree also felt the absence of supply "vitamin" for the roots to store water as "power living air", the root of the tree is sometimes able to divide and form undukan surface asphalt road as the author saw along the city streets in Kampung Baru, continue to Padang Bulan up through the USU campus, will be visible roots and sometimes the road it has formed a puddle small that may endanger driving traffic, do not underestimate the small hole is, sometimes small can be deadly to humans. And must have attracted the attention of the relevant agencies.
Biopori clogged
Ketersumbatan roots under the asphalt or semenisasi segments of the road corridor into a city park without biopori system can accelerate the decay and fragility torso trees wither and brittle, broken and uprooted. May lead to a process of hydrogeological water into the lubricant material ground into a motion a-seismic for the model of ground motion small avalanches to weaken the foundations of unity among the roots, the occurrence of discharge around the body of the tree and when the heavy rains come in the space voids (empty) in the body under the tree becomes "soft" and the water was easily "pass", accelerate the pace of the water surface which causes flooding and tree roots can not absorb more water into his body, under pressure frontal underground and on the surface by the wind, the tree was waiting for the time to be uprooted ,
To know the symptoms of fallen trees, people can pay attention to the physical condition of trees planted in the road corridor, among others: the occurrence of pembengkahan asphalt becomes split, the walls of the park road corridors undergone many cracking apart was the quality of making already bad, because the trees are not planted deep, many found the binding ropes and wire tight and nails "ad" of traders and impaled "Banner Sell Promise candidates" when the campaign season election arrives, many builders outboard tire burning under a tree, can speed up the fallen trees due to tight and stuffy "lifeblood" of trees due disruption of human hands, no special biopori to channel water to the roots of trees, many trees are elderly since the Dutch era and not maintained regularly, has never been thoroughly regenerated.
The main cause of all the conditions of fallen trees is less maintenance, the omission of the "pain" trees body on certain days. The funny thing is at once ironic for a tree, the tree was also there to celebrate certain feast days for them as an afterthought to humans, even often pierced by sharp objects advertisement campaign green day, what do not know or pretend not to know that such actions damage the body and the beauty of the tree? In many cases seen in the streets of all the cities in Indonesia.
My tree
In the days of the Dutch first, a history of planting trees adapted to the physical condition of the soil so that the trees planted can grow and develop healthy and strong their root and form soil and topography are also adjusted in order to absorb water more quickly and maintain the balance of the structure of a layer of soil with the roots of plant species of trees planted, not the origin of indiscriminate types of trees to be planted.
For areas that summer heat can be planted species of trees that shade but not large, tree roots do not quickly swell surface of the soil, absorbing the heat, as well as planting trees in the area around the swamps and river banks and road corridors, anticipation main is how to keep the roots of the tree They are supplied with oxygen (air) if there semenisasi at some point later on, should be given a special space in the form of holes are like biopori.
All humans know that the tree is one of the investment for a human to the preservation of water, the life of the food chain, to prevent global warming and the need for action to grasp the body of the tree so that no action anarchists as mentioned above, in a nail, tied tight with iron wire, in burn slowly outboard tire cooking, put the slogan banners and not free from the concrete rebate models so that the oxygen supply of trees clogged and would harm the tree and the man himself.
Therefore, we need to first understand a few facts about the life of trees for life on Earth, among others: First, the contribution of raw materials, a tree generates employment and contributes to building materials, newspapers, books and more than 15,000 other woods forest products. Trees are also renewable, biologically degradable and recyclable. Wood can be processed further to become refined products such as vitamins, plastics, photographic film, toothpaste and medicines. So we have to keep regeneration does not interfere with its growth.
Second, investment properties house, if you plant three or more trees in the right places around the houses can save air conditioning costs up to 50 percent. Trees increase property values ​​house surrounded by trees can be sold 18-25 percent higher than a home without a tree. If your house there is a front yard or rear side with a width of 2 x 3 meters or more use to plant trees and make sure not to allow outsiders to attach something tree body.
Third, the oxygen for the earth, following the green program or campaign activities of environmental protection, for example by planting 20 million trees in one province will be available 260 million tons of oxygen supply to the earth and living creatures on it especially important for the man himself. As many trees as it will eliminate 10 million tons of CO 2. And in the lifetimes of a large tree can absorb one ton of carbon dioxide. Fourth, root function, as an adult, more trees will grow downward, not upward. Roots who will increasingly spread to seek spaces absorb oxygen and water. So, as that was the case why some fallen trees in several cities in Indonesia.
M. Anwar Siregar
Environmental Geologist, Observer Spatial Issues Environmental and Energy Geosphere


Gempa dan Tambang

TAJUK PALUEMASGEOLOG 4

TAMBANG, GEMPA DAN BANJIR SERTA LONGSOR

Gonjang-ganjing politik lagi dan ribut-ribut anggota Dewan, tiada hari cari sensasi yang memuakkan, dan dilain pihak kondisi rakyat semakin terpinggir, pikiran dan tenaga anggota dewan saat ini fokus kepada bagaimana mendapat mega proyek dari berbagai cara. 
Semua sudah tahu, bagaimana parlemen senayan itu bekerja, coba kita perhatikan apakah ada solusi untuk memecahkan persoalan bangsa dalam mengatasi isu perkembangan ekonomi global yang lambat?Coba tanyakan kepada anggota dewan bagaimana mengurus sumber daya alam geologi tambang itu?
Bagaimana implikasi atau dampak dari keluarnya UU No.13 tahun 2013 yang mencakup pelimpahan wewenang tugas, pokok dan fungsi dari Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi di beberapa kota dan Kabupaten di Indonesia yang diambil alih pemerintah vertikal (Provinsi dan Pusat)?Apakah dengan bubarnya pengawasan pertambangan di daerah akan terjamin, dengan hal ini terutama bubarnya Distamben daerah apakah pelaksanaan perizinan dan pemetaan tambang dapat tepat waktu dan bagaimana jika terjadi bencana (biasanya yang melakukan tindakan pemetaan daerah bahaya akibat pertambangan liar adalah distamben di bidang geologi dan sumber daya mineralnya) dapat mencegah? Kecepatan waktu ke daerah bagaimana realisasinya di lapangan? karena pada kenyataan penulis lihat kadang daerah lebih mengetahui kondisi sosial dan sumber daya alam mereka, menunggu bantuan dari pemerintah vertikal kadang membuang waktu dan kadang menyebal dan juga ketika ada masalah baru bisa direspon setelah adanya konflik interes antara masyarakat, perusahaan dan pemerintah.
Catut nama presiden untuk mendapat mega proyek adalah perbuatan yang sangat memuakkan dan bukankah standar gaji mereka itu sudah sangat tinggi bagi ukuran rakyat Indonesia yang masih banyak hidup miskin? Perusahaan besar pertambangan seperti Freeport itu sudah lama mengisap darah (sumber daya alam indonesia) dengan tidak begitu peka akan kondisi ekonomi dan rakyat Indonesia terutama rakyat Papua. Milyaran Dollar telah dikeruk dalam kurung hampir 30 tahun namun yang didapat bangsa Indonesia tetap negara dengan hutang telah menembus 4.000 triliun rupian. Sungguh ironis bagi negeri yang kaya tetapi masih di bodohi oleh kepentingan kapitalisme yang mengagungkan pasar bebas namun kenyataan ini justrunya membuat perekonomian global lambat dan beberapa negara telah mengalami krisis.
Tambang Indonesia adalah sumber daya yang harus di kuasai negara untuk kepentingan hayat hidup rakyat yang luas dan di kembalikan untuk sumber kehidupan dan merupakan hak kedaulatan rakyat untuk dikelola negara secara adil dan makmur. Namun yang kita lihat, Indonesia belum merdeka atas kedaulatan energi, tambang, udara dan lautnya. Indonesia seperti bangsa penonton.
Dan hari ini dan beberapa hari ke depan kita akan disuguh diruang publik melalui berbagai musibah bencana alam geologi dan klimatologis yang silih berganti, upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah masih sangat lambat, kadang respon tidak tepat sasaran.
Lihatlah kejadian bencana sebelumnya, bencana kabut asap barus direspon ketika emisi pekat itu sudah berlangsung lebih tiga hari hingga satu bulan baru ada upaya darurat nasional, padahal dalam kondisi seminggu saja masyarakat sudah mengalami penyakit ISPA, pemerintah juga baru respon kalau sudah ada korban jiwa, kenapa usaha ini tidak dilakukan kendali mitigasi kebakaran dan perizinan yang harus diperketat?
Sekarang saudara kita mengalami musibah bencana gempa bumi di Kepulauan Halmahera, diperkirakan masih akan mengalami gempa susulan? dan bagaimana upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi kejadian ini? dan apakah sudah ada tindakan mitigasi karena mengingat Patahan Jailolo merupakan bagian dari patahan Maluku yang menerus ke Papua (Patahan Ransiki)
Indonesia rawan gempa besar, dan Maluku merupakan zona persimpangan dan pertemuan mega lempeng bumi yang terdiri lempeng samudera Pasifik, Lempeng Indo Australia dan Lempeng Eurasia, tingkat kebencanaan geologi gempa sangat tinggi dan Kepulauan Maluku berada dalam zonasi puncak pergeseran batuan yang sangat tinggi ke zona tingkat VI.
Apakah upaya bencana gempa dan banjir sudah di upayakan yang lebih baik? Banjir juga telah menyertai beberapa kota di Sumatera dan ironisnya mereka saja mengalami bencana kabut seperti bencana banjir di Kampar berulang lagi, di Aceh dan dan Sumatera Utara dengan pionirnya adalah kota Medan, bagaimana dengan Ibukota RI? Jakarta sepertinya sudah terbiasa mengalami musim banjir tiada henti dalam tahun, semesra dengan Riau yang tiada henti menikmati isapan jerabu hitam dalam puluhan tahun.
Dibvalik bencana gempa dan banjir itu, longsoran atau pergeseran tanah akibat dari perubahan struktur material tanah yang mengalami distabilitas itu dapat juga disebabkan oleh gempa-gempa kontinu setelah terjadi gempa besar lalu gempa kecil susulan, namun juga terjadi oleh gempa kontinu dengan intesitas seismik rendah akan mengancam beberapa tata ruang dikota-kota yang sering mengalami musibah banjir dan gempa seperti Halmahera, Maluku Utara, Madina dengan gempa yang baru terjadi diawal November lalu Jakarta yang dikepung berbagai bencana geologi yang dapat menurunkan kekuatan struktur fisik permukaan tanahnya.

Sumber : dari berbagai sumber
Nusibah bencana gempa, banjir dan longsor kini pekarjaan rumah bagi semua pemerintahan di Indonesia, perlu diingat setiap kabupaten kota memiliki tingkat kerentanan wilayah yang mengalami bencana dapat mencai 90 persen berbagai jenis bencana datang mengancam. Sudahkah kita mempersiapkan tata ruang berketahanan bencana? Lihat saja tata ruang kota anda yang mudah mengalami bencana.



Geology Apakabar: Heading 4

TITLE PALUEMASGEOLOG 4
MINE, EARTHQUAKE AND FLOOD AND SLIDING

Politics broke down again and fuss members of the Board, no day find that sickening sensation, and on the other hand people are increasingly marginal condition, the mind and the power of the board members is now focused on how to get mega projects of different ways. 
All already know, how parliament senayan it works, let's see if there is a solution to solve the problems of the nation in addressing issues of global economic development is slow? Try asking the board members how to take care of the natural resources of geological mine?
How implications or the impact of the issuance of Law 13 of 2013 which includes the delegation of authority roles, responsibilities and functions of the Department of Mines and Energy in several cities and districts in Indonesia expropriated vertical (Provincial and Central)? Are the dissolution of the mining supervision area will be guaranteed, with this mainly dissolution Distamben region whether the implementation of the licensing and mine mapping can be timely and what if a disaster occurs (usually the action mapping hazard areas due to illegal mining is Distamben in the field of geology and mineral resources) can be prevented? Speed ​​time to the area how the realization in the field? because in fact the authors see areas sometimes more aware of the social conditions and their natural resources, waiting for help from the government vertical is sometimes a waste of time and sometimes deviate and also when there are new problems can be responded after the conflict of interest between people, companies and governments.
Pliers to get the name of the president of mega projects is a very revolting act and not the salaries they were already very high for the size of the people of Indonesia are still many live in poverty? Large companies such as Freeport's mining has long sucked the blood (natural resources Indonesia) with not so sensitive to the economic conditions and the Indonesian people, especially the people of Papua. Billions of dollars have been dredged in parentheses nearly 30 years but gained the Indonesian nation still has penetrated the nation with 4,000 trillion debt rupian. It is ironic for a country that is rich but still fooled by the interests of free-market capitalism that glorifies justrunya but this fact makes the slow global economy and some countries have experienced a crisis.
Indonesian mine is a resource that must be mastered state for the benefit of the people living life extensive and passed back to the source of life and is the sovereign right of the people to be managed in a fair and prosperous country. But we see, yet independent Indonesian sovereignty over energy, mining, air and sea. Indonesia as a nation of spectators.
And today and the next few days we will disuguh diruang public through various natural disasters geological and climatological successive efforts by the government is still very slow, sometimes the response is not well targeted.
Look at the events previous disasters, catastrophic smog balls responded when emissions jet that has lasted over three days to one month of the new efforts of national emergency, when the condition of a week people have suffered respiratory disease, the government also recently responses if there are casualties, why This effort is not made of fire mitigation and licensing control to be tightened?
Now the brother of the unfortunate earthquake in Halmahera Islands, will still be experiencing aftershocks? and how the government's efforts in dealing with this incident? and whether the existing mitigation measures for remembering Fault Jailolo is part of the fault Maluku continuous to Papua (Fault Ransiki)
Indonesia vulnerable to large earthquake, and Maluku is a zone of intersections and meeting mega tectonic plates that comprise the Pacific ocean plate, Plate Indo Australian and the Eurasian Plate , the level of seismic geological disaster is very high and the Maluku Islands are in zoning peak shift to rock a very high level zone VI.
Is the effort earthquake and floods in trying to do better? Flooding also has accompanied several cities in Sumatra and ironically they just experienced disasters such as the floods in fog Kampar over and over again, in Aceh and North Sumatra with pioneering is the city of Medan, what about Indonesia's capital? Jakarta seems to have become accustomed suffered flood season relentless in years, semesra with Riau relentless enjoy sucking jerabu black in decades.
Dibvalik earthquake and flood, avalanches or landslides as a result of changes in the structure of soil materials that undergo distabilitas it can also be caused by earthquakes continuous after a massive earthquake and a small earthquake aftershocks, but also occurs by the earthquake continuous with the intensity of the seismic low will threaten some of the layout in the cities are often the unfortunate floods and earthquakes as Halmahera, North Maluku, Madina with the recent earthquake occurred in early November, Jakarta beset various geological disasters may reduce the strength of the physical structure of the soil surface.
Source: from the various sources
Nusibah earthquakes, floods and landslides pekarjaan now home to all the governments in Indonesia, keep in mind every district of the city has experienced a level of vulnerability of disaster areas can mencai 90 percent of various types of disasters to come threatening. Have we prepare spatial disaster resilience? Just look at the layout of your city prone to disaster.

Gempa Maluku

Penjelasan Atas Terjadinya Gempa Maluku Hari Ini

Gempa yang terjadi di perairan antara Sulawesi dan Maluku itu terjadi akibat aktivitas subduksi ganda lempeng laut Maluku.

Penjelasan Atas Terjadinya Gempa Maluku Hari Ini 
Peta pusat gempa dan peringatan dini tsunami di Maluku Utara, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah, Gorontalo, dan Maluku akibat gempat berkekuatan 7,3 Skala Ritcher, Sabtu (15/11) pukul 09.30 WIB. (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika)
Gempa bermagnitudo 7,3 terjadi pada Sabtu (15/11) pukul 09.31 WIB. Dengan pusat gempa pada koordinat 1.95 Lintang Utara, 126.46 Bujur Timur, kedalaman 48 kilometer, gempa mengguncang wilayah Sulawesi Utara seperti Bitung dan Manado.
Bagaimana gempa tersebut terjadi? Pakar tektonik dari Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Irwan Meilano, mengungkapkan, gempa yang terjadi di perairan antara Sulawesi dan Maluku itu terjadi akibat aktivitas subduksi ganda lempeng laut Maluku.
Subduksi ganda tersebut terbentuk akibat tekanan dari lempeng laut Filipina di sebelah timur, pada zona Halmahera, dengan laju penunjaman 6,7 cm per tahun. Di barat, lempeng Eurasia menekan ke timur dengan laju 1,7 cm per tahun pada zona Sangihe.
"Akibat penunjaman tersebut, terjadi kompresi arah barat dan timur di bagian tengah, " urai Irwan saat dihubungi Kompas.com, hari ini. Kompresi kemudian memicu aktivitas kegempaan.
Kompresi tersebut pada hari ini memicu gempa. Gempa terjadi dengan mekanisme sesar naik. Gempa seperti itulah yang biasa terjadi akibat di zona subduksi. Biasanya, gempa dengan mekanisme sesar naik juga yang memicu tsunami.
Berdasarkan informasi Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, gempa mengakibatkan tsunami kecil setinggi 0.03 meter di Manado dan 0,9 meter di Halmahera, Maluku. Gempa juga mengakibatkan sebagian bangunan di lantai 7 Hotel dan Plaza Lion Manado ambruk.
Meski gempa hari ini hanya memicu tsunami kecil, Irwan mengungkapkan bahwa wilayah antara Sangihe dan Halmahera punya potensi gempa yang tinggi. Gempa besar pernah terjadi tahun 1858 dan memicu tsunami.
Sementara potensi gempa tinggi, kesiapan menghadapi gempa tergolong rendah. Irwan mengatakan, peringatan dini tsunami di wilayah Halamera, Sangihe dan Sulawesi Utara masih belum terbangun dengan baik. Akibatnya, kerentanan tinggi. Perbaikan dan peningkatan kewaspadaan diperlukan.
(Yunanto Wiji Utomo/Kompas.com) dan National Geographic Indonesia



Visitor geology: Earthquake Maluku

Elucidation of the earthquake occurrence Maluku Today

An earthquake in the waters between Sulawesi and Maluku was caused by the activity of the double subduction plate Maluku sea.

Penjelasan Atas Terjadinya Gempa Maluku Hari Ini

Map of the epicenter and the tsunami early warning system in North Maluku, North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and Maluku due to the quake measuring 7.3 on the Richter Scale, Saturday (15/11) at 09.30 pm. (Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics)
7.3 magnitude earthquake occurred on Saturday (15/11) at 9:31 pm. Coordinate with the epicenter at 1.95 degrees northern latitude, 126.46 East Longitude depth of 48 kilometers, the earthquake shook the region such as the North Sulawesi Bitung and Manado.
How did the earthquake happen? Specialists tectonics of the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Irwan Meilano, said the earthquake that occurred in the waters between Sulawesi and Maluku was caused by the activity of subduction double plate Maluku Sea.
Subduction double was formed by the pressure of the plates ocean Philippines in the east, the zone Halmahera, the subduction rate of 6.7 cm per year. In the west, the Eurasian plate presses eastward at a rate of 1.7 cm per year on Sangihe zone.
"As a result of the subduction, compression occurs west and east in the middle," Irwan explained when contacted Kompas.com, today. Compression triggering seismic activity.
Compression is today triggering earthquakes. The earthquake occurred with a reverse fault mechanism. Earthquake like that commonly occurs as a result in subduction zones. Typically, an earthquake with a reverse fault mechanism also triggered a tsunami.
Based on the information the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics, the earthquake resulted in a small tsunami 0:03 meters tall and 0.9 meters in Manado in Halmahera, Maluku. The quake also resulted in part of the building on the 7th floor and Plaza Lion Hotel Manado collapsed.
Although today's earthquake just triggered a small tsunami, Irwan said that the area between the Sangihe and Halmahera has a high seismic potential. Large earthquakes have occurred in 1858 and triggered a tsunami.
While the potential of high earthquake, earthquake preparedness is low. Irwan said the tsunami early warning in the region Halamera, Sangihe and North Sulawesi still not developed well. As a result, the high vulnerability. Improvement and increased vigilance is needed.
(Yunanto Wiji Utomo / Kompas.com) and National Geographic Indonesia
 

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